JEE Main Physics Formula Sheet 2026: All Chapters

This comprehensive formula sheet covers every essential Physics formula for JEE Main 2026, organised by chapter. Use this as your quick-revision reference in the final month of preparation. Each formula is presented with its condition of applicability — because knowing when a formula applies is as important as knowing the formula itself.

Mechanics

Kinematics: v = u + at; s = ut + ½at²; v² = u² + 2as; s_n = u + a(n−½). Projectile: R = u²sin2θ/g; H = u²sin²θ/(2g); T = 2usinθ/g; R_max = u²/g at θ=45°. Circular motion: a_c = v²/r = ω²r; F_c = mv²/r. Newton's laws: F = ma; F_friction = μN. Work-Energy: W = F·d·cosθ; KE = ½mv²; PE_spring = ½kx²; W_net = ΔKE. Impulse-momentum: J = FΔt = Δp; p = mv. Centre of mass: x_CM = Σmᵢxᵢ/Σmᵢ. Solid hemisphere CM: 3R/8 from base. Semicircular arc CM: 2R/π from centre.

Rotation: τ = Iα; L = Iω; KE_rot = ½Iω²; I_disc = MR²/2; I_ring = MR²; I_sphere = 2MR²/5; I_rod(CM) = ML²/12. Gravitation: F = Gm₁m₂/r²; g = GM/R²; v_escape = √(2gR); T² ∝ a³ (Kepler). SHM: x = Acos(ωt+φ); ω = √(k/m); T = 2π/ω; E_total = ½kA². Spring-mass: T = 2π√(m/k). Pendulum: T = 2π√(l/g) [for small angles]. For detailed mechanics treatment, see our Mechanics Master Guide.

Electrodynamics

Coulomb's law: F = kq₁q₂/r². Electric field: E = kq/r² (point charge); E = σ/(2ε₀) (infinite sheet); E = σ/ε₀ (conductor surface). Gauss's law: Φ = Q_enc/ε₀. Electric potential: V = kq/r; E = −dV/dr. Capacitor: C = ε₀A/d; E_stored = ½CV² = Q²/(2C). Dielectric: C' = κC₀. Current: I = dq/dt; I = nAvq_e. Ohm's law: V = IR; R = ρl/A. Power: P = IV = I²R = V²/R. Kirchhoff: ΣI = 0 (junction), ΣV = 0 (loop). RC circuit time constant: τ = RC. Take a free mock test on electrodynamics to verify you can apply these formulas fluently.

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Biot-Savart: dB = μ₀I·dl×r̂/(4πr²). Long wire: B = μ₀I/(2πr). Circular loop centre: B = μ₀I/(2R). Solenoid: B = μ₀nI. Force on charge: F = qv×B; |F| = qvBsinθ. Force on wire: F = Il×B. Torque on loop: τ = NIAB sinθ. Faraday's law: ε = −dΦ/dt. Lenz's law: induced current opposes change. Self-inductance: ε = −L(dI/dt); L_solenoid = μ₀n²lA. EMF in moving rod: ε = Bvl. Mutual induction: M = μ₀N₁N₂A/l.

AC circuits: X_L = ωL; X_C = 1/(ωC); Z = √(R²+(X_L−X_C)²); I_rms = V_rms/Z; P = V_rms·I_rms·cosφ; resonance: ω₀ = 1/√(LC). Transformer: V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p; I_p/I_s = N_s/N_p. For EMI in detail, see our Electromagnetic Induction Guide.

Optics

Mirrors: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u; m = −v/u; f = R/2 [sign convention: distances measured from pole]. Refraction: n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂ (Snell's law); n = c/v. Lenses: 1/f = 1/v − 1/u; m = v/u; 1/f = (n−1)(1/R₁−1/R₂). Power: P = 1/f (in metres). Prism: δ_min when r₁ = r₂ = A/2; n = sin((A+δ_min)/2)/sin(A/2). YDSE: fringe width β = λD/d; path difference Δ = yd/D. Single slit: first minimum a·sinθ = λ. TIR: critical angle sinθ_c = 1/n₁₂. For optics numericals guide, see our Optics Numericals Guide.

Modern Physics

Photoelectric: KE_max = hν − φ; eV₀ = KE_max; threshold ν₀ = φ/h. Bohr model: E_n = −13.6/n² eV; r_n = 0.529n² Å; 1/λ = R(1/n₁²−1/n₂²). de Broglie: λ = h/p = h/√(2mK). Nuclear: N = N₀(1/2)^(t/t₁/₂); t₁/₂ = 0.693/λ; BE = Δm×931.5 MeV. Semiconductor: n-type (pentavalent dopant), p-type (trivalent). Transistor: I_E = I_B + I_C; β = I_C/I_B.

Thermal Physics and Waves

Kinetic theory: PV = nRT; KE_avg = (3/2)kT per molecule; v_rms = √(3RT/M); v_mp = √(2RT/M). Thermodynamics: ΔU = Q − W; ΔU = nC_vΔT; W_isothermal = nRT·ln(V₂/V₁); W_adiabatic = nC_v(T₁−T₂); Carnot η = 1−T_C/T_H. Calorimetry: Q = mcΔT; Q = mL. Newton's cooling: ΔT/Δt = k(T−T_s). Stefan: P = εσAT⁴. Wien: λ_max·T = 2.898×10⁻³ m·K. Wave: v = fλ; v_string = √(T/μ); v_sound = √(γRT/M); beat frequency = |f₁−f₂|; Doppler: f' = f(v±v_o)/(v∓v_s). For formulas in context, see our Physics Formula Sheet. For detailed physical chemistry counterpart, see our Physical Chemistry Formulas Guide. Upgrade for ₹149/month for chapter-level practice that makes every formula above intuitive.